An analysis of multi-GNSS observations tracked by recent Android smartphones and smartphone-only relative positioning results

In this study we assess the quality of multi-GNSS observations recent Android smartphones. The results reveal a significant drop smartphone carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) with respect to geodetic receivers, and discernible differences among constellations frequency bands. We show that higher elevation satellite, larger discrepancy in C/N0 between receivers Thus weighting scheme may be superior dependent one usually adopted for GNSS observations. also discover code pseudoranges are noisier by about order magnitude as compared signals on L5 E5a outperform those L1 E1, respectively. It is shown phase contaminated effects can destroy integer property time-constancy ambiguities. There long term drifts detected GPS L5, Galileo BDS B1 Huawei P30. highlight competitive noise characteristics Xiaomi Mi 8 when receivers. poor other than P30 smartphones related unexpected Finally, positioning experiment proves it feasible obtain precise cm-level solution relative fixed